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    • 专利摘要:
    the invention relates to a polishing disc for a tool for the fine processing of surfaces that act optically on spectacle lenses that have a base body (14) that has a central axis (m), to which a layer is attached intermediate (16) softer in relation to the base body (14), made of an elastic material, on which rests a support of the polishing medium (18). the intermediate layer has at least two areas (20, 22) of different hardness, which are arranged one after the other in the direction of the central axis of the base body. in this case, the area of the intermediate layer adjacent to the base body is softer than the area of the intermediate layer on which the polishing medium support rests. the polishing disc constructed in this simple way can cover a large area of curvature of the spectacle lens, which in particular enables high productivity in recipe preparation.
    公开号:BR112017007635B1
    申请号:R112017007635-7
    申请日:2015-09-16
    公开日:2021-03-30
    发明作者:Peter Philipps；Andreas Kaufmann；Steffen Wallendorf；Holger Schãfer
    申请人:Satisloh Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [001] The invention in question relates to a polishing disc for a tool for the fine processing of surfaces that act optically on parts to be worked, according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Polishing discs of this type are employees, in particular, in the serial preparation of eyeglass lens recipes.
    [002] If the subject discussed below is "spectacle lenses", then within it should be understood not only mineral glass spectacle lenses, but also spectacle lenses of all other usual materials such as polycarbonates, CR 39, HI -Index, etc., therefore, also synthetic material. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [003] Processing with chip removal of surfaces that act optically on spectacle lenses can be roughly subdivided into two processing phases, that is, first the pre-processing of the surface that acts optically for the production of macrogeometry according to the recipe and then, the fine processing of the surface that acts optically, in order to eliminate traces of the previous processing and to obtain the desired microgeometry with form fidelity. Whereas the pre-processing of the surfaces that act optically on spectacle lenses occurs, among other things, depending on the material of the spectacle lenses through grinding, milling and / or turning, during the fine processing the surfaces that act optically on spectacle lenses normally they are subjected to a fine grinding, lapping and / or polishing process.
    [004] For this state-of-the-art fine processing process, increased use is made (see, for example, German patent documents DE 10 2005 010 583 A1, European EP 2 464493 B1 or European patent document EP 2 014 412 A1 forming the preamble of the patent claim 1) adaptable polishing discs - as opposed to rigid tools, adapted to the shape. These polishing discs have a structure, in essence, of three parts or three layers, with (1.) a support or base body, facing the tool spindle, fixed or rigid in relation to the spindle, in which (2 .) a softer layer is fixed in relation to it, made of an elastic material, on which (3.) a grinding or polishing sheet (support of the polishing medium) is placed, facing the piece to be worked, as an active tool component for processing. As a result of the elastic deformation capacity of the foam layer, the polishing sheet can adapt to certain limits in situ to the geometry of the surface to be processed. This occurs both in "static" terms, that is, from the spectacle lens to the spectacle lens that must be processed, and which in general differ in their geometry, in particular in the surface curvature, as well as in "dynamic" terms , that is, during the actual processing of a particular spectacle lens, in which a relative movement occurs between the polishing disc and the spectacle lens. The elasticity of the foam layer also has a substantial influence on the wear behavior of the polishing wheel during the polishing process.
    [005] Now in the production of recipes, glasses lenses appear to be polished with the most diverse geometries. Viewed macrogeometrically, the radii of curvature of the optically acting surfaces (spheres or cylinders on approximately toroidal surfaces) of the spectacle lenses reach the standard effect area (from 0 to about 14 diopters) from infinite (flat surfaces) to about 35 mm. In the case of, for example, free-form surfaces, in this case, other factors of influence previously microgeometric are added, such as, for example, addition or asphericity. For this reason, in order to cover the standard effect area, in the case of the state of the art above, types of polishing discs of different geometries are required, which differ, in particular, in the (pre) curvature of the surface of the active tool in the processing.
    [006] Thus known polishing tool concepts comprise, for example, seven types of polishing discs of different geometries in the production of recipes. Naturally during the production of spectacle lenses, this conditions a tool change, if spectacle lenses have to be processed successively, which differ from each other in their geometry, in such a way that they cannot be polished with one and with the same polishing disc. However, each tool change increases the costs of productivity in producing revenue.
    [007] In the state of the art, polishing tool concepts are also known for the production of eyeglass lenses, which do well with up to at least three different types of polishing tools in order to cover the standard performance area. Polishing tools of this type are shown, for example, in the US patent document US 7,559,829 B2. In this case, between a foam layer, on which a polishing sheet rests, and a rigid base body, on which the polishing tool can be kept inside or in a tool holder, a support structure is inserted with elastic spring, which comprises a star-shaped part with an infinite number of spring arms that act as a flat spring, and an elastic ring to support the spring arms in relation to the base body. However, in this state of the art, in the same way, a tool change is necessary, when glasses lenses to be polished successively differ greatly from each other in their geometry. In addition, these polishing tools have a relatively complex structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [008] Starting from the state of the art, as it is represented by the European patent document EP 2 014 412 A1, the task of the invention is to create a polishing disc constructed in the simplest possible way, for a tool for fine processing of surfaces that act optically on eyeglass lenses, which enables an increase in productivity in the production of recipes.
    [009] This task is solved through the characteristics indicated in patent claim 1. Advantageous or appropriate improvements of the invention are the subject of patent claims 2 to 15.
    [010] According to the invention, on a polishing disc for a tool for the fine processing of surfaces that act optically on spectacle lenses, which has a base body that has a central axis, to which is attached a layer softer intermediate in relation to the base body, made of an elastic material, on which a support of the polishing medium rests, the intermediate layer has at least two areas of different hardness, which are arranged one after the other in the direction of the central axis, being that the area of the intermediate layer adjacent to the base body is softer than the area of the intermediate layer on which the support of the polishing medium rests.
    [011] In this case, a central thought is to prepare the power of adaptation of the polishing disk, necessary for the coverage of the required performance area (for example, from 0 to 14 diopters) to the macrogeometry of the spectacle lenses to be polished through the area - remote of intervention or processing - of lesser hardness of the intermediate layer and, in this case, also "transpose" great differences in height of the arrow from spectacle lens to spectacle lens. The power of adaptation of the polishing disk necessary to obtain the required surface fidelity, for example, free-form surfaces and the desired smoothness to the microgeometry of the spectacle lenses to be polished in return, is prepared through the area - remote intervention or processing - greater hardness of the intermediate layer.
    [012] In this case, it is accepted the fact that during the polishing process of spectacle lens to spectacle lens, depending on the respective geometry of the spectacle lens, it can change the actual polishing or gripping surface between the polishing disc and spectacle lenses - for example, from almost punctual on flat spectacle lens surfaces to more superficial (circular or ring-shaped) on curved spectacle lens surfaces - as this can be compensated for in the polishing process, in particular , by appropriately changing the amplitude and / or frequency of the relative movement between the polishing disc and the eyeglass lens (oscillating stroke of the tool across the workpiece).
    [013] In the ideal case, the result is / only one type of polishing disc is needed, in any case, however, significantly less types of polishing disc than in the state of the art of generic type, in order to cover areas curves usual in the production of prescription glasses for glasses to be polished. Such a type of polishing disc, which can be used universally, reduces, on the one hand, the expenditure connected with the provision of a plurality of polishing discs of different geometries. On the other hand, - what is even more important - the usual tool changes in the state of the art, conditioned by different geometries of the spectacle lenses to be polished can be ideally eliminated, but in any case they can be clearly reduced. The time savings obtained in this way, even in the time of constant polishing, leads to a considerable increase in productivity in the production of recipes. The stopping times of the polishing machines - also those that have been conditioned in the state of the art by renewed tool adjustments - are reduced or eliminated at the same time. Furthermore, according to the invention, all this does not require any expensive measures or new parts on the polishing wheel - therefore, as usual, constructed in a very simple way; this only has a targeted influence locally on the properties of the elastic material of the intermediate layer.
    [014] With respect to a simple and economical manufacture of polishing discs, it is preferred if the at least two areas of the intermediate layer are formed by different foam layers, that is, at least one more foam layer soft on the base body, and at least a harder foam layer under the support of the polishing medium. However, in the same way other elastic materials suitable for the intermediate layer, in particular for the harder area of the intermediate layer, which, for example, could be made of a rubber material, are conceivable.
    [015] Preferably, different foam layers are glued together, which requires only one economic process step, which can be well controlled in mass production, in which foam and glue materials can be used. for commercial use. A suitable foam compound or foam sandwich could be manufactured alternatively, but also through successive foam production of different types of foam.
    [016] Regarding the shape of the individual foam layers of the intermediate layer, before its placement in the base body, for the influence of the elastic properties of the polishing disk in principle on one or two front surfaces, the foam bodies individual strips can be executed diverging from a flat surface, for example, convex or concave - as well as on the edge, for example, cylindrical, conical, convex or in the form of an annular cavity - for which special casting shapes would be provided. In this regard, in particular, for reasons of cost, it is preferred that the different foam layers of the intermediate layer have a constant, essentially thick thickness - measured along or parallel to the central axis of the base body - which opens up the possibility of to employ multiple materials in the manufacture of the base body in the form of plates from a large series. In this case, tests carried out by the inventors in question have shown that a certain ratio of the thickness of the two layers of foam allows an ideal adaptation to a large area of radii of curvature, with simultaneous maintenance and smoothing of the microgeometries in the spectacle lenses to be polished. Thus it was found that the ratio of the thickness, in essence, constant of the hardest foam layer to the thickness, in essence, constant of the softer foam layer should be between 1 to 2 and 1 to 4, more preferably , in approximately 1 to 3.
    [017] Practical experiments were also carried out by the inventors with various foam materials, in which, on the one hand, it was tested to what extent the geometry of the pre-processed eyeglass lens was maintained or changed during polishing, and on the other hand, was examined with which foam materials the polishing abrasion per unit of time was as high as possible, without reaching microstructures or considerable dirt on the polished surface. In this case, it was found that the static E modulus determined for the compression of the entire surface of the harder foam layer has a preference value, between 0.40 and 1.50 N / mm2, more preferably , between 0.80 and 1.00 N / mm2, while the static E modulus of the softer foam layer should preferably be between 0.25 and 0.45 N / mm2, more preferably between 0 , 35 and 0.45 N / mm2.
    [018] With respect to the foam material of the individual components of the intermediate layer, moreover, in the experiments carried out, it has proved to be advantageous if the softer foam layer is made up at least partially of an open-pore polyetheretherethane elastomer, while that the harder foam layer is made of a closed pore polyetheretherethane elastomer. In the case of this material combination, on the one hand, there is no danger that during polishing the intermediate layer will be completely aspirated with the polishing medium, and during drying thereafter it will harden excessively, but on the other hand the partially open porosity of the intermediate layer should be evaluated as advantageous for the dissipation of the frictional heat generated during the polishing process through the polishing medium, and during the preferred manufacture of the intermediate layer it also favors the bonding of the individual layers.
    [019] In the case of the reflections undertaken and tests carried out by the inventors, in addition, the following geometric characteristics have been crystallized or proven for a polishing disc that can be used universally for the polishing process of spectacle lenses in the curvature area usual today: preferably, the base body of the polishing disc should have a front surface, in essence, spherical, facing the intermediate layer, on which the intermediate layer is properly fixed, glued, and that surface The front end should have a radius of curvature, which is preferably between 35 and 42 mm, more preferably between 36 and 40 mm. Furthermore, in the area of its frontal surface, the base body should preferably have a diameter between 35 and 60 mm, and the thickness, in essence, constant of the intermediate layer should have a value between 15 and 22 mm, measured along or parallel to the central axis - appropriately with the smallest thickness values for the smallest diameters, and with the largest thickness values for the largest diameters.
    [020] With respect to the support of the polishing medium, moreover, it is advantageous if that support protrudes from the central axis of the base body in the radial direction on all sides through the intermediate layer of the polishing disk. During polishing, this protruding area of the polishing medium support must not exert any pressure on the spectacle lens, in such a way that there is no danger that the outer corner of the polishing medium support will reproduce on the shaped spectacle lens. of microstructures or directions of advancement.
    [021] Advantageously, the polishing discs according to the invention can be used in a tool for fine surface processing that act optically on spectacle lenses, which comprises a tool receiving head that can be fixed on a spindle axis of a tool spindle capable of rotating axially and together with it, the polishing disk being kept replaceable in the tool receiving head, for which the base body of the polishing disk and the tool receiving head are equipped with complementary structures for axial fitting and rotation, with the polishing disk with the tool receiving head. This causes, on the one hand, an uncomplicated ability to change the polishing disk, as well as a secure retention of the polishing disk on the tool spindle, on the other hand, a defined torque moment transmission, with closure due to the spindle shape. from the tool to the polishing wheel during polishing processing.
    [022] In this case, the tool receiving head can have a spherical joint, with a spherical head received on a spherical support, which is executed on a spherical pin that can be fixed on the spindle axis of the tool spindle, while that the spherical support is molded on a receiving plate, with which the polishing disk can be fitted. In a simple way, this makes it possible to tip the polishing disk in relation to the spindle axis of the tool spindle during polishing processing, in such a way that the polishing disk can easily follow the most different geometries of the spectacle lens, for example , cylindrical surfaces or progressive surfaces with high additions. In addition, the tipping capacity of the polishing disk advantageously allows polishing processes to be carried out with the so-called "tangential polishing problem", in which the polishing disk that is in processing with the spectacle lens , which is driven by a spindle of the workpiece rotating around an axis of rotation of the workpiece, is dragged by rotating due to friction or is driven by turning by itself, while a linear drive provides that the spindle of the tool placed in a defined way according to the angle with respect to the axis of rotation of the workpiece is moved alternately back and forth in the polishing machine, such that the polishing disc, with a path relatively small, it crosswise passes through the spectacle lens back and forth.
    [023] In a preferred embodiment, the spherical head may have a receiving hole for a transverse pin, which extends through the spherical head, and fits in the spherical support with coordinated recesses on both sides of the spherical head to connect the receiving plate capable of rotating together with the spherical pin. Such a form of execution of the spherical head as a cardan joint allows, in a simple way, to actuate by rotating the polishing disk, which compared to a rotation drag in the same conceivable way, produced by simple friction of the polishing disk with the lens glasses, allows substantially shorter polishing times. With regard to the tipping capacity and the possibility of rotary drive, the similar could be achieved, in fact also in principle also by means of a homokinetic articulation, however this would be linked with a markedly higher expenditure and higher costs.
    [024] In addition, it is preferred if the receiving plate rests with a support on a support flange on the side of the spherical pin, through an elastic annular element such that the polishing disk fitted, with the receiving plate, is engaged with its central axis to align with the spherical pin and thus with the spindle axis of the tool spindle. In this way, the polishing disk is prevented from overturning movements that are too strong, which, on the one hand, has a favorable effect in particular, during the inversion of movement during the mentioned oscillation of the polishing disk through the spectacle lens, once that the polishing disc cannot bend away and can then stick to the spectacle lens. On the other hand, such an elastic support of the tool receiving plate during the assembly or installation of the polishing disk is advantageous, because the receiving plate in this case, with slight coercion through the elastic annular element, assumes a defined position. In addition, the shock between the polishing disk and the spectacle lens as a result of the elastic (pre) orientation of the receiving plate can occur in such a way that the oriented polishing disk, in essence, is axially seated on the spectacle lens. and does not tip over, for example, which could lead to problems with particularly thick or high-polishing discs. In principle, in fact, it would also be possible to carry out such a (pre) orientation of the polishing disk by means of a rubber bellows that can be pneumatically admitted to the receiving plate, this would, however, be more unequally expensive.
    [025] In another continuation of the thinking of the invention, the base body of the polishing disk and the tool receiving head can be equipped respectively with a collar that protrudes radially, being that the collars in the state of the mounted polishing disk on the tool receiving head they are opposite each other and by means of a safety ring with a cross section, in essence, in the form of a U, they are clamped with a lock due to their shape. Such a safety ring reliably prevents the polishing wheel with surging forces from being unintentionally detached from the tool receiving head, for example, then if during the polishing process the polishing disk is lifted from the glasses lens (or the other way around), in order to change the relative direction of rotation of the tool and / or to bring fresh polishing medium to the intervention point, or during lifting at the end of the polishing process, and you always need be counted with a polished disc “aspirated” on the spectacle lens. Consequently, due to the safety above, the polishing disc and the eyeglass lens can be moved apart from each other without danger at any time during the polishing process. The problem of unintentional loosening of the polishing disk from the tool receiving head can be eliminated, in fact, also with process technology with a sufficiently wide transverse displacement of the polishing disk with reference to the spectacle lens before lifting, this procedure it would, however, prolong process times unwantedly.
    [026] Finally, the security ring is preferably formed by two semi-rings, which are connected to each other and can rotate on one side by means of a hinge, and on the other side they can be removably fitted together through a pressure connection, which represents not only a simple solution that can be manufactured at low cost, which, in addition, is good to clean, but, in the same way, guarantees an inexpensive handling (because it is without a tool) easy is fast. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    [027] In the following, the invention will be clarified in more detail with the aid of a preferred example of execution with reference to the attached figures, partially schematic and not faithful to scale. The figures show:
    [028] in fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tool spindle received in a tilting yoke represented partially broken from a polishing machine, with a tool according to the invention for the fine processing of surfaces that act optically on spectacle lenses, on whose head a polishing disk is removably maintained, which is in the process of processing with a surface to be processed, the tool being in a lower position, extended in relation to the spindle of the tool;
    [029] in fig. 2 a half cut of the tool spindle with the tool according to fig. 1, in the unmounted state, without folding bellows between the tool and the tool spindle, which in this case has been abandoned for the best view, and the tool with the polishing wheel is retracted in a higher position in relation to the tool spindle, in which the tool receiving head of the tool is fitted to the tool spindle;
    [030] in fig. 3 is an interrupted cross-sectional view of the tool of fig. 1, placed on the tool spindle corresponding to the cut-off line III-III in fig. two;
    [031] in fig. 4 is a sectional view of the tool of fig. 1, placed on the tool spindle shown only partially here, in the upper position retracted according to fig. 2, with the tool receiving head fitted to the tool spindle and to a polishing disc removed from it;
    [032] in fig. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the extended tool of fig. 1, in relation to the tool spindle shown here in an interrupted way from the bottom, with the tool receiving head, with an open safety ring and with the polishing disk, for the illustration of the interfaces between tool spindle, tool head tool reception, safety ring and polishing disc;
    [033] in fig. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the extended tool of fig. 1, in relation to the spindle of the tool shown here, in turn, interrupted at an angle from above, with the tool receiving head, with the safety ring in the closed position and with the polishing disc, for the other illustration of the interfaces between tool spindle, tool receiving head, safety ring and polishing wheel; and
    [034] in fig. 7 a sketch of an eyeglass lens and a polishing disc according to the invention, for the illustration of the geometry data essential for the dimensioning of a polishing disc that can be used universally depending on the curvature of the eyeglass lens and diameters of the spectacle lens. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [035] In particular, according to figures 1 to 6 a polishing disc 10 for a tool 12 for the fine processing of surfaces that act optically cc, cx on L spectacle lenses, (compare figures 1 and 7) it has a base body 14 which has a central axis M, to which is fixed a softer intermediate layer 16 in relation to the base body 14, made of an elastic material, on which rests a support of the polishing medium 18, which forms the outer processing surface 19 itself of the polishing disk 10. Essential is the fact that the intermediate layer 16 has at least two areas of different hardness, which are arranged one after the other in the direction of the central axis M , being that the area of the intermediate layer 16, adjacent to the base body 14 is softer than the area of the intermediate layer 16 on which the support of the polishing medium 18 rests, as it will be explained in more detail below .
    [036] In the execution example shown in this case, the two areas of the intermediate layer 16 are formed by layers of foam 20, 22 different from each other of respectively constant thickness - seen along the central axis M - that is, of a layer of softer foam 20 on the base body 14, more precisely of its front surface 21, and of a harder foam layer 22 under the support of the polishing medium 18. In this case, different foam layers 20 and 22 one of the others are glued together in 23.
    [037] Likewise, the polishing medium support 18 is glued on the harder foam layer 22 and the softer foam layer 20 is glued on the front surface 21 of the base body 14. In order to prevent the edge of the polishing disk 10 on the cc processed surface of the glasses lens L reproduces in the form of very fine scratch-like microstructures, the support of the polishing medium 18 projects in relation to the central axis M in the radial direction in all through the middle layer 16.
    [038] The base body 14, in essence, rigid serves, on the one hand, for molding with its premolded front surface 21, as well as for the support or support of the elastic layer structure described above of the polishing disk 10, for on the other hand it forms the connecting piece for the rest of tool 12, as will be described below. In the example shown, the front surface 21 of the base body 14 is precast, in essence, spherical and arches almost unlike the intermediate layer 16. The front surface of the base body can be precast according to the macrogeometry of the surfaces to be processed cc or cx, in principle, however, also in another way, for example, spherical.
    [039] As can be seen in figures 1 to 6, tool 12 has a tool receiving head 24 with a receiving plate 25, which can be fixed - however removably - on a spindle axis 26 of a tool spindle 28 capable of rotating axially and together with it. The polishing disc 10 is kept replaceable in the receiving head of the tool 24, so that the base body 14 of the polishing disk 10 and the receiving head of the tool 24, more precisely, its receiving plate 25, are equipped with complementary structures 29 (see, in particular, figures 5 and 6) for axial fitting and rotation together with the polishing wheel 10 with the tool receiving head 24.
    [040] The interface formed by the complementary structures 29 between the polishing disk 10 and the tool receiving head 24 is the subject of the European patent document EP 2 464 493 B1 already mentioned at the beginning, to which reference is made in the first place at that point regarding the structure and functioning of the interface to avoid repetition. In summary, as can be better recognized in figures 4 to 6, the base body 14 of the polishing disk 10 on its internal side has an internal space 32 limited by a wall surface 30 and a base surface 31, which is designed to push the polishing disk 10 and fit into a receiving shoulder 33 formed in a complementary manner on the receiving plate 25 of the receiving head of the tool 24, and on its base surface 31 it has drag elements 34 for the moment transmission torsions, which are coordinated against drag elements 35 on the receiving shoulder 33. In addition, between the wall surface 30 and the receiving shoulder 33, an elastic retaining ring 37 is provided, fixed in an annular groove 36, the which provides for the fitting with a corresponding counter groove 38 and a seal of the internal space 32. In this case, the fitting occurs during the pushing of the polishing disk 10, before the drag elements 34 are able to engage with the counter-drag elements 35, which can only be obtained by continuing to push the polishing disk 10 with a seal between the wall surface 30 and the receiving shoulder 33.
    [041] On the side of the receiving plate 25, away from the internal space 32, the receiving head of the tool 24 has a spherical joint 40, with a spherical head 44 received on a spherical support 42, which is executed on a spherical pin 46 which can be precisely fixed by screwing on the spindle axis 26 of the tool spindle 28. On the other hand, the spherical support 42 is molded on the receiving plate 25, with which the polishing disk 10 can be fitted . In particular, according to figures 3 and 4, the ball head 44 has a receiving hole 48 for a cross pin 50. The cross pin 50 extends through the ball head 44 inward with rounded ends, and grips both sides of the spherical head 44 with coordinate recesses 52 in the spherical support 42, in order to connect the receiving plate 25 capable of rotating together with the spherical pin 46 and thereby with the spindle axis 26 of the tool spindle 28.
    [042] As, moreover, as can be better seen in figures 3 and 4, between the spherical pin 46 and the free end of the spindle shaft 26 a support ring flange 54 in the form of a circular ring is inserted, and is fixed by middle of the spherical pin 46 on the spindle axis 26. On the support flange 54 an elastic ring element 56 is seated, made, for example, of a suitable foam material, through which the receiving plate 25 of the receiving head of the tool 24 can be loosely supported on the support flange 54 on the side of the spherical pin, such that the polishing disc 10 fitted with the receiving plate 25 is engaged with its central axis M to align with the spherical pin 46 and thereby with the spindle axis 26 of the tool spindle 28.
    [043] For the removable connection between the polishing disk 10 and the tool receiving head 24, finally it can still be said that, in particular, according to figures 3, 5 and 6, both the base body 14 of the disk polishing pads 10, as well as the receiving head of the tool 24 on the receiving plate 25 are provided with a collar 58 or 59 that protrudes radially. These collars 58, 59 in the state of the polishing disk 10 mounted on the receiving head of the tool 24 are opposite each other, and by means of a safety ring 60 with an essentially U-shaped cross section, they are gripped with closure due to the shape (see fig. 3), in order to prevent unintentional loosening of the polishing disk 10 of the tool receiving head 24. As can be seen clearly in figures 3, 5 and 6, the ring security 60 constituted appropriately of an appropriate material, it is formed by two semi-rings 62, 63, which are connected to each other by rotating on one side by means of a hinge 64, and on the other side they can be removably fitted together through of a pressure connection 66 with rear cuts.
    [044] In order to show the possibilities of movement of the tool 12 in relation to the glasses lens L to be polished, in particular, in figures 1 and 2, other details of the spindle of the tool 28 and its mounting situation are shown. polishing device. This spindle of tool 28 as well as the preferred polishing device for the use of tool 12 described in this case, are the subject of the German patent application DE 10 2014 XXX XXX.X filed in parallel, that is, with the same filing date, at the which express reference is made at this point with respect to the most accurate structure and the operation of the tool spindle 28 and the polishing device to avoid repetition.
    [045] For the movement possibilities of the glasses lens L to be processed and tool 12, only the following should be mentioned here: the spindle of tool 28 is arranged with a spindle of the workpiece 68, located opposite in a space of work, indicated in dashed form, by means of which the spectacle lens L to be polished through a piece of block 69 maintained in a spindle reception of the workpiece 68 can be activated by rotating around an axis of rotation of the workpiece C. The spindle axis 26 of the tool spindle 28 can also be driven by rotating around an axis of rotation of the tool A via an electric servo motor 70 by means of a belt drive 71. In addition, the tool spindle 28 comprises a pneumatically operated cylinder and piston arrangement 72, by means of which the tool 12 can be adjusted axially through the spindle axis 26 along a feed axis Z aligned with the axis of rotation of the tool A. In this case, the tool 12 can be fitted with the tool spindle 28 in a position close to the tool spindle, using a locking device 74 (compare figures 2 to 4).
    [046] The spindle of the tool 28 itself is flanged with the servo motor 70 and belt drive 71 in a tilting yoke 76, which can be rotated in a definite way around a turning adjustment axis B, the which, in essence, passes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the work piece C. In addition, the tilting yoke 76 with the tool spindle 28 and its actuation can be moved axially along a linear axis X - which passes in fig . 1, perpendicular to the drawing plane - which is essentially aligned perpendicular both to the turning adjustment axis B, as well as to the rotation axis of the work piece C.
    [047] Therefore, it is evident that the polishing disk 10 and the spectacle lens L can be operated by turning - in the same direction or in the opposite direction, with equal speed numbers or different speed numbers (axes of rotation A, C) . At the same time, the polishing disc 10 can be advanced axially in the direction of the glasses lens L (feed axis Z). In addition, the rotation axes A, C can be previously adjusted relative to each other according to the angle, or dynamically rotated (rotation adjustment axis B), as well as, they are displaced transversely in relation to each other (linear axis X ). The various polishing processes that can be performed with this kinematics are sufficiently known to the expert and for this reason they will not be described in more detail at this point.
    [048] Next, with reference to fig. 7 it will be further clarified how the polishing disc 10 described above can be dimensioned.
    [049] In this case, the area of curvature of glasses lenses that applies to the polishing of the surface that acts optically cc must be stipulated first, with RLmax as the maximum radius of curvature in glasses lens L "the flatter" a be processed, and RLmin as the strongest possible minimum bend radius of curvature in L-glasses lens to be processed, as well as the diameter DL of the L-glasses lenses to be polished.
    [050] Going back to the experiments of the inventors in question, the DW diameter of the polishing disc 10 should be chosen a little smaller than the DL diameter of the L glasses lenses to be polished, however not too small. Appropriately, the relationship between DW / DL diameters should be in the following range:

    [051] Thus, approximately 50 mm would be a standard DW diameter for the polishing disk 10. For very small eyeglass lens diameters up to 40 mm - and very strong eyeglass lens curvatures - a DW diameter of the polishing disk would be appropriate. polishing 10 of approximately 35 mm. On the other hand, for the processing of L-spectacle lenses, on the covex side in principle also possible, a larger DW diameter of the polishing disk 10 of approximately 60 mm could also be envisaged.
    [052] For the polishing disc 10 diameter DW chosen in this way, the (minimum) height of the Pmin arrow on the "flatter possible" L lens can be calculated from the predetermined area in glasses lens curvatures and the highest (height) of the Pmax arrow on the strongest "curved" L glasses lens from the following ratios:
    with the (minimum) dβ opening Φmin angle for the chosen DW diameter of the polishing disk β 10 in the Iβntβ dβ glasses L "flatter" β with the (largest) opening angle Φmax for the chosen DW diameter of the polishing disk 10 in the lβntβ dβ glasses L "βncurvada" to the maximum from the sβguintβs formulas:
    from the heights dβ flβcha Pmin β Pmax obtained dβssβ mode podβ sβr dβtβrminada an average height dβ flβcha Pm:
    β of this dβtβrmin a radius dβ average curvature RLm of the lβntβ dβ glasses L, to which dβvβ corrβspondβr the radius dβ curvature RW of the polishing disk 10 on its surface of procβssamβnto 19 in the support of the polium dβ 18:

    [053] In principle it would also be possible to carry out a further weighting of the average curvature radius RLm of the glasses lens L and thereby the radius of curvature RW of the polishing disc by means of statistical frequency of the curvatures of the glasses lens, or to determine the radius of curvature of a polishing disc that can be used universally alone from a statistical distribution of the curvatures of the spectacle lens, which depends on the respective fashion. Thus, currently the maximum of a statistical distribution - regionally different - is situated at about ± 5 diopters. If, for example, the current trend for heavily curved sports glasses continues on prescription glasses, then a "shift" for more curved curves, that is, a reduction in the RW radius of curvature of the polishing wheel 10 would be reasonable.
    [054] Now the total thickness SS of the intermediate layer 16 and the individual thicknesses of the foam layers 20, 22 must still be calculated with SW as the thickness of the softest foam layer 20 and SH as the thickness of the hardest foam layer 22 - respectively seen along or parallel to the central axis M, as well as to the radius of curvature RG of the front surface 21 of the base body 14, being that the thickness SP of the polishing medium support 18 - commercially - is known.
    [055] To calculate the thickness, it is assumed that, during the polishing process, the polishing disk 10 needs to be in the condition that, under deformation of the intermediate layer 16, it covers the average height of the PM arrow. In this case, tests carried out by the inventors resulted that, in order to obtain reproducible polishing results, this "covering" should occur in the purely elastic deformation range of the foam material, and factor 4 was considered to be a good value, that is, the maximum deformation of the foam material should not be greater than 25% of the entire SS thickness of the intermediate layer 16, therefore:
    [056] SS = PM.4 = SH + SW
    [057] To determine the individual thicknesses SH, SW of the foam layers 20, 22 the inventors carried out other tests in order to obtain a good compromise from the adaptability (distinctly macrogeometry) and the polishing performance (microgeometry), The following range was found for the SH / SW thickness ratio:
    with a preferred thickness ratio of approximately 1 (SH) to 3 (SW).
    [058] Finally, the calculation of the radius of curvature RG of the front surface 21 of the base body 14 remained by means of the following simple subtraction: RG = RW - SP - SS
    [059] For a range of usual geometry to be polished, in the production of eyeglass lenses up to 14 diopters, RG radii of curvature of the front surface 21 between 35 and 42 mm were found, with a preferred range between 36 and 40 mm. DW tool diameters from 35 to 60 mm resulted in SS layer thicknesses between 15 and 22 mm.
    [060] In addition, in the tests carried out by the inventors different foam materials were tested. In this case, for "hardness" or "softness" of the individual foam materials, it was demonstrated that, determined in the case of a compression on the entire surface (form factor q = 6), the E modulus of the softer foam layer 20 should be between 0.25 and 0.45 N / mm2, preferably between 0.35 and 0.45 N / mm2, while the static E modulus of the harder foam layer 22 should preferably have , a value between 0.80 and 1.00 N / mm2.
    [061] Furthermore, in the tests good experiments were made - also with regard to operating times - made with foam materials of polyetherurethane elastomers, in particular, with a foam material of at least open pore polyetherurethane elastomer partially for the softer foam layer 20, such as can be obtained from Getzner Werkstoffe GmbH, Bürs, Austria, under the trade name "Sylomer® SR28" or "Sylomer® SR42" and an elastomer foam material closed cell polyetherurethane for the toughest foam layer 22, such as that which can be purchased from Getzner under the trade name "Sylodyn® NC".
    [062] In the case of the polishing medium support 18 that forms a component of the tool acting on the processing, also called "polishing sheet" or "polishing pad", it can be a fine grinding support or polishing medium in use commercial, elastic and resistant to friction such as, for example, a sheet of PUR - (polyurethane) that has a thickness of 0.5 to 1.4 mm and a hardness between 12 and 45 according to Shore D. In this case the support the polishing medium 18 is made thicker beforehand, if the polishing disc 10 has to be pre-polished, but rather finer in the case of fine polishing. Polishing felts or foam materials treated with heat and pressure can also be used, with or without support material as support for the polishing medium 18, such as those that can be purchased from Delamare, Mantes La Jolie, France. In this context, it should also be mentioned that the upper side, facing the support of the polishing medium 18, of the harder foam layer 22 can be provided, but it does not need a definitive "fusion skin" conditioned to the manufacturing technology (layer separation for the melting form (not shown), which provides the intermediate layer 16 externally with additional stiffness; eventually such a "fusion skin" may form even the support of the polishing medium 18 itself.
    [063] The base body 14 of the polishing disc 10 is preferably cast by injection from a synthetic material such as ABS (Acrinitrile-Butadiene-eStirene polymerized), for example, "Terluran® GP 35 "from BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
    [064] For fixing the individual components to each other the polishing disc 10 (base body 14, softer foam layer 20, harder foam layer 22, polishing medium support 18) is finally appropriate, for example , an adhesive for commercial use of the brand "Pattex®" by Henkel AG & Co. KGaA, Düsseldorf, Germany. However, in particular, the support of the polishing means 18 can also be connected in another more or less durable way with the intermediate layer 16, for example, by vulcanization or tacking. In any case, the connection must be fixed between the individual components of the polishing disk 10, in such a way that at any time during processing, a movement drag between them, in particular, rotation drag, is guaranteed.
    [065] A polishing disc for a tool for the fine processing of surfaces that act optically on spectacle lenses has a base body that has a central axis, on which is fixed a softer intermediate layer in relation to the base body, made of an elastic material, on which a support of the polishing medium rests. The intermediate layer has at least two areas of different hardness, which are arranged one after the other in the direction of the central axis of the base body. In this case, the area of the intermediate layer adjacent to the base body is softer than the area of the intermediate layer on which the polishing medium support rests. The polishing disc constructed in this simple way can cover a large area of curvature of the spectacle lens, which in particular enables high productivity in the production of revenue. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 10 polishing disc 12 tool 14 base body 16 intermediate layer 18 polishing medium support 19 processing surface 20 softer foam layer 21 front surface 22 harder foam layer 23 adhesive 24 tool 25 receiving plate 26 spindle axis 28 tool spindle 29 complementary structures 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 59 60 62 63 64 66 68 69 70 71 72 wall surface surface base internal space receiving shoulder drag elements against drag elements ring groove retaining ring against groove ball joint spherical support ball head spherical pin receiving hole cross pin recessed support flange elastic ring element collar collar security ring semi-ring hinge connection by pressure spindle of the part to be worked servo motor block piece belt drive cylinder and piston arrangement 74 disposit inserting element 76 tilting yoke A tool rotation axis B rotation adjustment axis C axis of rotation of the workpiece cc second optically acting surface cx first optically acting surface DL lens diameter DW disc diameter polishing L spectacle lens M central axis of the base body Pmax maximum arrow height Pmin minimum arrow height RG radius of curvature of the front surface of the base body RLmax maximum curvature radius of the glasses lens RLm average curvature radius of the lens RLmin glasses minimum radius of curvature of RW glasses lens bending radius of polishing disc SH thickness of the hardest foam layer Sp thickness of the polishing medium support SS total thickness of the intermediate layer SW thickness of the softest foam layer X axis linear Z feed axis Φmax maximum opening angle Φmin minimum opening angle
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    1. POLISHING DISC (10) FOR A TOOL (12) FOR THE FINE PROCESSING OF SURFACES THAT OPTICALLY WORK (CC, CX) IN SUNGLASSES LENSES (L), with a base body (14) that has a central axis ( M), in which an intermediate layer (16) made of an elastic material is fixed, on which rests a support of the polishing medium (18), the intermediate layer being softer in relation to the base body (14), characterized by the intermediate layer (16) having at least two areas of different hardness, which are arranged one after the other in the direction of the central axis (M) and which are formed by layers of foam material (20, 22) different from each other , wherein the layer of foam material (20) adjacent to the base body (14) is softer than the layer of foam material (22) on which the polishing medium support (18) rests, and where, as determined for a case of compression across the surface, the static modulus of elasticity of the layer of harder foam material (22) is between 0.40 and 1.50 N / mm2, while the static modulus of the layer of softer foam material (20) is between 0.25 and 0.45 N / mm2.
    [0002]
    2. POLISHING DISC (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that, as determined in the case of compression over the entire surface, the static elastic modulus of the hardest foam material layer (22) is located between 0.80 and 1.00 N / mm2.
    [0003]
    POLISHING DISC (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, as determined in the case of compression over the entire surface, the static elastic modulus of the softer foam material layer (20) between 0.35 and 0.45 N / mm2.
    [0004]
    POLISHING DISC (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foam material layers (20, 22) different from each other are glued together.
    [0005]
    5. POLISHING DISC (10), according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the ratio of the thickness (SH), in essence, constant of the layer of harder foam material (22) in relation to the thickness (SW), in essence, the constant of the softer foam material layer (20) is between 1 to 2 and 1 to 4, preferably approximately 1 to 3, with thicknesses (SH, SW) being measured along or parallel to the axis central (M).
    [0006]
    6. POLISHING DISC (10), according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer of softer foam material (20) is made up at least partially of an open-pored polyetheretherethane elastomer, while the layer of material of harder foam (22) consists of a closed pore polyetheretherethane elastomer.
    [0007]
    7. POLISHING DISC (10), according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (14) has an end surface (21) in essence, spherical, facing the intermediate layer (16) and in which the intermediate layer (16) is fixed, the end surface (21) having a radius of curvature (RG) that is between 35 and 42 mm, preferably between 36 and 40 mm.
    [0008]
    8. POLISHING DISC (10), according to claim 7, characterized in that the base body (14) has a diameter between 35 and 60 mm in the area of its end surface (21), the thickness (SS) , in essence, constant of the intermediate layer (16) has the value between 15 and 22 mm, measured along or parallel to the central axis (M).
    [0009]
    9. POLISHING DISC (10), according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support of the polishing medium (18) projects in relation to the central axis (M) in the radial direction on all sides beyond the intermediate layer (16).
    [0010]
    10. TOOL (12) FOR THE FINE PROCESSING OF SURFACES (cc, cx), which act optically on spectacle lenses (L), with a tool receiving head (24) that can be fixed on a spindle axis (26 ) of a tool spindle (28) capable of axial and rotational drive, characterized by a polishing disc (10) as defined in any of the preceding claims to be kept replaceable in the tool receiving head (24), for which the base body (14) of the polishing disk (10) and the tool receiving head (24) are equipped with complementary structures (29) for axial fitting and rotational actuation of the polishing disk (10) with the tool reception (24).
    [0011]
    11. TOOL (12), according to claim 10, characterized in that the tool receiving head (24) has a spherical joint (40), with a spherical head (44) which is received in a spherical support (42) and which is formed on a spherical pin (46) that can be fixed on the spindle axis (26) of the tool spindle (28), the spherical support (42) being molded on a receiving plate (25), with which the polishing disc (10) can be fitted.
    [0012]
    12. TOOL (12), according to claim 11, characterized in that the spherical head (44) has a receiving hole (48) for a transverse pin (50), which extends through the spherical head (44) and fits on both sides of the spherical head (44) in associated recesses (52) in order to connect the receiving plate (25) with the spherical pin (46) to have rotational drive capability.
    [0013]
    13. TOOL (12) according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the receiving plate (25) is supported so elasticly on a support flange (54) on the side of the spherical pin, through an annular element ( 56) elastic, that the polishing disc (10) fitted with the receiving plate (25) aligns itself along its central axis (M) with the spherical pin (46) and, thus, with the spindle axis ( 26) of the tool spindle (28).
    [0014]
    14. TOOL (12) according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the base body (14) of the polishing disc (10) and the tool receiving head (24) are respectively equipped with a collar ( 58, 59) projecting radially, with the collars (58, 59) in the state in which the polishing disc (10) is mounted on the tool receiving head (24) are opposite each other and mechanically engaged in a way positive by means of a safety ring (60) with a essentially U-shaped cross section.
    [0015]
    15. TOOL (12), according to claim 14, characterized in that the safety ring (60) is formed by two semi-rings (62, 63) which are pivotally connected to each other on one side by means of a hinge ( 64), and are removably fitted together and on the other side via a pressure connection (66).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3206837B1|2019-11-20|
    WO2016058661A1|2016-04-21|
    US20170246729A1|2017-08-31|
    BR112017007635A2|2018-01-30|
    EP3206837A1|2017-08-23|
    MX2017004829A|2017-10-12|
    CN107107315A|2017-08-29|
    PT3206837T|2020-01-15|
    CA2964212A1|2016-04-21|
    ES2764652T3|2020-06-04|
    PL3206837T3|2020-05-18|
    US10569387B2|2020-02-25|
    CN107107315B|2020-04-21|
    DE102014015052A1|2016-04-21|
    DE202015009504U1|2018-01-16|
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    法律状态:
    2020-02-04| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-03-09| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-03-30| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 16/09/2015, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102014015052.6|2014-10-15|
    DE102014015052.6A|DE102014015052A1|2014-10-15|2014-10-15|Polishing disc for a tool for fine machining optically effective surfaces on spectacle lenses|
    PCT/EP2015/001849|WO2016058661A1|2014-10-15|2015-09-16|Polishing disc for a tool for finely machining optically active surfaces on spectacle lenses|
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